and
Stephen Matthews
University of Hong Kong
Abstract
The Cantonese ‘coverb’ construction, a serial verb construction in which
the first verb (the ‘coverb’) has a preposition-like meaning and function,
presents a challenge for theories of wh- dependencies and island constraints.
Coverbs resist extraction of their objects by topicalization or relativization,
a fact which has often been explained in terms of a preposition-stranding
constraint in accounts of similar facts in Mandarin. However,
Cantonese coverbs display the morphosyntactic properties of verbs, suggesting
that they cannot be prepositions. In this paper, we propose that
coverbs are verbs, and that the relevant extraction constraint is a kind
of adjunct island constraint. This proposal is supported with experimental
evidence from a sentence judgment task. Two key findings were as
follows: (1) listeners judged extraction from a coverb phrase as significantly
less acceptable than extraction from a simple clause; (2) listeners judged
sentences both with and without aspectual marking (verbal morphosyntax)
on the coverb as highly acceptable. Together, these findings support
our proposal that coverbs are verbs (not prepositions) and that coverb
phrases form a kind of adjunct island. However, we show that existing
adjunct island conditions (such as the CED) are not adequate to account
for our data. Following John A. Hawkins’ (1999) processing-based
theory of filler-gap dependencies, we propose a simple, language-specific
formulation of the extraction constraint, and we argue that this constraint
is more generally motivated by a processing principle called Avoid Competing
Subcategorizors—one of the same principles that motivates preposition-stranding
constraints in other languages. Thus, although object extraction
is prohibited by a kind of adjunct island constraint, the function of the
constraint in processing efficiency is similar to that of a preposition-stranding
constraint.